What is devolution and which powers are devolved?

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Devolution means transferring some law‑making powers from Westminster to separate legislatures in Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, allowing them to make laws on certain topics without needing MPs in London for those areas. The devolved powers include areas like education and health in Scotland and Wales, and policing and justice in Northern Ireland. Importantly, defence and foreign policy stay with Westminster as reserved powers, not devolved. This arrangement came about through the Scotland Act, the Government of Wales Act, and the Northern Ireland Act, and it operates differently in each country, hence the term asymmetric devolution. The other statements miss this shape: Westminster does not legislate on all matters in the devolved nations, devolution is not just administrative, and defence/foreign policy are not devolved to Scotland.